DeepSeek says it has developed a new way to train large language models that allows performance to improve without a proportional increase in training costs, challenging one of the core assumptions that has shaped how the artificial intelligence (AI) industry has scaled over the past several years.
DeepSeek outlined the approach in a recent research paper and has positioned it as part of a broader effort to extract more value from limited compute resources, according to Bloomberg. While the company has not disclosed specific cost savings, the research is aimed squarely at a problem that has become increasingly central to AI economics: the rising expense of training ever-larger models.
Training Costs Become the Bottleneck
For much of the past decade, advances in AI have been driven by a simple formula: larger models trained on more data using more compute tend to perform better. That approach fueled an arms race in chips and infrastructure, concentrating model development among a small number of well-capitalized companies with access to massive GPU clusters.
But as models have grown deeper and more complex, training costs have risen faster than performance gains. A significant share of that cost inflation has come not from expanding ambition alone, but from inefficiencies that emerge during training at scale. As models grow, training becomes less predictable, forcing developers to extend training runs, restart failed attempts, or add redundancy to prevent performance from degrading. Each of those safeguards consumes additional compute without directly improving model quality.
Even companies that can afford to deploy models at scale increasingly face trade-offs around how often models can be updated, specialized or retrained for specific tasks.
A Shift From Brute Force to Stability
DeepSeek’s research does not claim a breakthrough in model intelligence or data. Instead, it targets the mechanics of how models are trained as they scale. The company argues that many of the inefficiencies that drive up training costs stem from instability during learning, rather than from fundamental limits on model capability.
As large models train, small errors can compound across layers, causing learning to overshoot, oscillate, or degrade. To compensate, developers typically slow training, add redundancy or rely on sheer compute volume to smooth out those effects. DeepSeek says it has redesigned aspects of the training process so that models remain stable as they grow, allowing performance gains to persist without requiring the same increase in compute.
In tests across multiple model sizes, the company reported that performance improvements held without the volatility that usually forces higher training overhead. While the paper does not provide dollar figures, researchers familiar with the work say the focus on stabilizing training addresses one of the less visible drivers of AI cost growth: wasted computation spent managing instability rather than improving outcomes.
Implications for Commercial AI Deployment
If approaches like DeepSeek’s prove reliable beyond research settings, they could alter the economics of AI deployment in sectors that depend on cost discipline, including commerce, payments, and enterprise software. Lower training costs make it easier to build and maintain specialized models tailored to specific workflows, rather than relying on generalized systems that are expensive to update.
The broader context also underscores why efficiency is gaining attention. As access to top-tier chips becomes more uneven globally, competitive advantage is increasingly shaped by how effectively companies use compute rather than how much they can acquire. Architectural and training-level improvements offer a path to progress that is less dependent on capital expenditure.
At the same time, the approach has limits. Training efficiency does not eliminate the need for significant compute, nor does it automatically reduce inference costs once models are deployed. Some efficiency gains demonstrated in research settings have historically been difficult to replicate in large production environments, particularly when models are integrated into complex, real-time systems.
