Being able to create strong passwords is one thing. Being able to recall them is another. And, being able to recall the relations between the accounts and the corresponding passwords is yet another.

Biometrics are password-dependent. So are multi-factor authentications and ID federations like password-managers and single-sign-on services. And, in a world with passwords
killed dead , we have no safe sleep.

At the root of the password headache is the cognitive phenomena called “interference of memory”, by which we cannot firmly remember more than 5 text passwords onaverage. What worries us is not thepassword, but the textual password. Thetextual memory is only a small part of what we remember. We could think of making use of the larger part of our memory that is less subject to interference of memory. More attention could be paid to the efforts of expanding the password system to include images, particularly KNOWN images, as well as conventional texts.