Karen, nice abstract summary on state of payments innovation. Paradoxes in the directions of EMV/digital transaction movements especially paints the picture well. I believe there are happy, if not short term (5-15 years) segway technologies that can be brought to market for card and mobile payments that reduce friction, provide near instantaneous ubiquity and enhance security, even filling potholes created by EMV. One of these technologies I plan on introducing this Fall. Karen I'd be glad in the near future to provide a preview of such and perhaps before that conduct an interview and commentary on alternative technologies and companies in the space working towards such.