Amazon, Walmart Shift Retail Competition From Price to Technology

Retail used to compete primarily on assortment, price and convenience. Increasingly, it competes on infrastructure and positioning.

In a consumer environment defined by uncertainty driven by persistent inflation pressures, cautious spending and fragmented demand, retailers like Amazon and Walmart are building systems designed not just to sell more goods, but to operate more intelligently.

Over the past week, the two retail giants signaled how the next phase of competition could unfold. Amazon introduced Amazon Connect Health, a suite of artificial intelligence-powered solutions designed to automate healthcare provider administration through ambient and agentic systems, while also unveiling AI call center solutions and trimming parts of its robotics organization.

At the same time, Walmart confirmed a sweeping rollout of digital shelf labels across its roughly 5,200 stores in the United States by 2027. The retailer’s leadership also reiterated a companywide push toward AI-enabled associates and announced expanded partnerships with professional soccer leagues ahead of the 2026 World Cup.

Individually, these moves might look like product launches, operational tweaks or marketing initiatives. Together, however, they reveal an emerging new model for retail that’s being built around operational resilience, infrastructure maturity, AI-enabled employees and digitally connected stores.

Read also: Grocery Battle Shifts to Loyalty as Walmart Dominates and Amazon Expands Digital

AI Moves Into the Retail Operating Layer

Amazon and Walmart are treating AI less like a standalone innovation initiative and more like an operating layer across the organization.

Amazon Web Services (AWS) launched Thursday (March 5) Amazon Connect Health, an agentic AI solution for healthcare providers and patients that handles patient verification, scheduling, medical histories, documentation and coding.

A new agentic AI experience inside Amazon’s Seller Central, announced Monday (March 2), lets merchants visualize data, model scenarios and act on AI-generated insights without leaving the platform.

Amazon is also positioning its own AI models as the foundation for call center optimization.

Walmart announced it will provide free AI training to all 1.6 million U.S. and Canadian employees through a partnership with Google’s AI Professional Certification program.

The moves reflect an emerging pattern in enterprise AI adoption. The biggest productivity gains may not come from fully autonomous systems, but from augmented workforces where humans and AI collaborate across thousands of small tasks. In retail, where margins are thin and labor efficiency is critical, even incremental productivity improvements can scale into billions of dollars in savings.

See also: Walmart Names New CEO as Retail Moves From Shelves to Software

Walmart’s Reinvention of the Store

While Amazon pushes deeper into software infrastructure, investing $50 billion into OpenAI’s latest funding round, Walmart is transforming the physical store.

The retailer’s plan to deploy digital shelf labels (DSLs) across all U.S. locations by 2027 represents one of the largest retail technology upgrades underway. At first glance, replacing paper price tags with electronic displays might seem incremental. In practice, it fundamentally changes how stores operate.

Digital shelf labels enable real-time price updates across thousands of products simultaneously. They also allow retailers to synchronize pricing between online and in-store environments, run targeted promotions instantly, and reduce the labor required for manual price changes.

DSLs also act as the connective tissue for a broader digitally aware store environment. Combined with computer vision, inventory systems and associate handheld devices, they create a retail floor that behaves more like a networked platform than a static space.

Walmart’s leadership has framed the rollout as part of a broader push toward AI-enabled associates, or employees supported by digital tools that help manage inventory, answer customer questions and streamline tasks.

Read also: The Three Blind Spots in How Consumer Sentiment Is Measured

Navigating a Cautious Consumer

These operational upgrades across retail arrive as the consumer landscape remains unusually complex.

The PYMNTS Consumer Expectations Index (PCEI), introduced this week by PYMNTS Intelligence, measures not just how consumers feel about the economy but whether they possess the financial capacity to spend. The index examines a combination of resilience, financial constraints and job security, addressing three practical questions that determine spending behavior:

Can I spend?

Should I spend?

Will my income hold up?

In practical terms, the first PCEI suggested a consumer who continues to transact but does so carefully, balancing confidence in employment and income stability against lingering concerns about financial conditions.

For large retailers, this environment requires balancing cost discipline with customer experience.

Investments in automation and AI help reduce operational costs, allowing companies to maintain competitive pricing. At the same time, digitally connected stores and AI-enabled associates can improve service quality, reinforcing customer loyalty during uncertain periods.

Retail’s future, in other words, may be determined not just by what companies sell, but by how intelligently they run the machine behind the scenes.

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