Cartels are harmful to economic welfare but may appeal to enterprises. A cartel however is not so easy to implement and sometimes a third party can be helpful. This article considers, in the case of a single supplier with several downstream retailers, when coordination along the supply chain facilitates collusion, or whether it complicates the cartel arrangement. The findings are mixed: not only the downstream retailers have incongruent interests, but the upstream producer might be unaligned as
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