Remedies: Structural, Behavioral, Both, or None? Enforcement Trade-Offs for Mergers and Antitrust

This note reviews the rationale behind both structural and behavioral remedies, not only in merger but also in antitrust cases. The cost-benefit analysis for the enforcement of remedies depends on the case examined, and general presumptions on the relevance of one or another type of remedies and even on their very opportunity might easily be misguided. This calls for a consistent theory of competitive relief, in order to properly frame the enforcement of remedies.