Closing arguments by American Express Co., Discover Financial Services and Citigroup Inc were heard by a Manhattan judge earlier this week as a major case involving contractual arbitration clauses comes to a close. The three credit card giants are accused of colluding to include the clauses in their contracts with customers, preventing them from banning together in class action filings. Attorneys for the companies told the judge that there was “no proof” of the alleged collusion occurring at meetings, and that the companies had independently decided to include such clauses in their contracts. The plaintiffs argue that meetings attended by the companies provided a stage for the companies to conspire to all include the clauses, as arbitration was discussed at those meetings. The plaintiffs’ lawyer Merrill Davidoff argued there would be no other reason for competing rivals to meet 28 times between 1999 and 2003. According to reports, the issuers all adopted the arbitration clauses, which has lead to a “flourishing of harmful practices” by the companies, said Davidoff.
Featured News
Congress Is Debating How to Regulate Buy Now, Pay Later and States Aren’t Waiting
Mar 18, 2026 by
CPI
EU Moves to Rein in National Interference in Corporate Mergers
Mar 18, 2026 by
CPI
Germany Targets Fuel Price Spikes With New Daily Cap on Increases
Mar 17, 2026 by
CPI
Visa and Mastercard Win Right to Appeal UK Ruling on Interchange Fees
Mar 17, 2026 by
CPI
Spain’s Antitrust and Energy Watchdog to Release Blackout Report Without Blame
Mar 17, 2026 by
CPI
Antitrust Mix by CPI
Antitrust Chronicle® – Behavioral Economics
Feb 22, 2026 by
CPI
Behavioral Antitrust in 2026
Feb 22, 2026 by
Maurice Stucke
Behavioral Economics in Competition Policy: Going Beyond Inertia and Framing Effects
Feb 22, 2026 by
Annemieke Tuinstra & Richard May
Agreeing to Disagree in Antitrust
Feb 22, 2026 by
Jorge Padilla
Recognizing What’s Around the Corner: Merger Control, Capabilities, and the New Nature of Potential Competition
Feb 22, 2026 by
Magdalena Kuyterink & David J. Teece