Exploring the Evolution and Future of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law with Prof. Huang Yong

To celebrate the 16^th anniversary of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law (AML), which took effect in August 2008, Dr. Elizabeth Wang, an Economist at Compass Lexecon, interviewed Professor Huang Yong, a Law Professor and the Director of Competition Law Center at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing. Prof. Huang shared his insights on the evolution, impact, and future trajectory of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law.

Prof. Huang was instrumental in drafting China’s AML back in 2008, and is a long-standing member of the expert advisory group, elaborated on the critical factors influencing the 2022 revision. Over the past 14 years, China’s grasp of anti-monopoly measures has matured significantly. Initially, the AML was an entirely new concept as China transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy. This period highlighted the importance of imposing restrictions on government administrative power to ensure fair competition. The 2022 revisions aimed to address these challenges by enhancing the legal framework and enforcement mechanisms.

When asked about the impact of geopolitical tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, Prof. Huang noted that while antitrust laws are universal, their application varies due to differences in economic development, market structure, and industrial structure. He emphasized that despite these variations, China’s AML shares core principles with global market economies. These include regulating monopoly agreements, market dominance, and employing economic methods in merger analysis. The recent revisions aimed to align China’s AML more closely with international standards while considering the unique aspects of its transitional economy.

For multinational companies operating in China, the revised AML brings significant changes, and Prof. Huang highlighted three crucial areas:

1. Enhancing Competition Policy: The revised law enhances and emphasizes the fundamental position of competition policy, crucial for promoting marketization in China.
2. Limiting Government Power: A new system for fair competition review aims to constrain government power, ensuring a level playing field for businesses.
3. Enhanced Legal Liability: The revisions significantly increase the maximum legal liability for violations, reflecting a stricter enforcement stance.

Looking ahead, Prof. Huang expressed optimism about the continuous improvement of AML enforcement in China. He believes that as China adheres to marketization, the rule of law, and international standards, its anti-monopoly efforts will keep advancing. He emphasized the importance of collective efforts from society, businesses, and academics to enhance compliance and adapt to emerging legal and economic challenges.

The interview concluded with a hopeful note from Prof. Huang. His interview presented a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and future direction of China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, underscoring its critical role in fostering a competitive and fair market environment in China.