Object Restrictions and Two-sided Markets in EU Competition Law after Cartes Bancaires
Renato Nazzini, Ali Nikpay, Jan 30, 2015
On September 11, 2014, the Court of Justice overturned the judgment of the General Court upholding the European Commission’s decision in Groupement des Cartes Bancaires. This paper contends that the Court of Justice’s judgment is significant in two respects: First, it attempts to clarify apparent ambiguities and discrepancies in the case law on object restrictions and provides a more structured framework than previously existed for determining whether an agreement is restrictive in this way. However, the paper argues that in doing so the judgment does not fundamentally alter the law in this area as some have argued. Second, the papers contends that the judgment makes important findings as regards two-sided markets, clearly establishing the principle that the interaction between them must be taken into account regardless of whether the restriction under review applies only to one side of the market.
Featured News
Japanese Banks Combine Ship Finance Operations to Form $12.8B Maritime Lending Platform
Jul 27, 2026 by
CPI
Tesla Wins UK Supreme Court Ruling to Revive 5G Patent Licensing Case
Jul 27, 2026 by
CPI
French Competition Authority Clears Euralis–Maïsadour Merger
Jul 27, 2026 by
CPI
Beumer Challenges EU Decision on Vanderlande-Siemens Merger Review
Jul 26, 2026 by
CPI
China Fines Trip.com US$765 Million in Major Antitrust Enforcement Action
Jul 26, 2026 by
CPI
Antitrust Mix by CPI
Antitrust Chronicle® – Antitrust Compliance
Jul 20, 2026 by
CPI
Your Antitrust Compliance Program: A Strong Voice in Your Defense
Jul 20, 2026 by
Joe Murphy
Antitrust Compliance for the AI Pricing Era
Jul 20, 2026 by
Alejandra Uria & Andre Geverola
Race to Report: Antitrust Leniency in the Whistleblower Era
Jul 20, 2026 by
Brian R. Faerstein & Nicole H. Sprinzen
Antitrust-By-Design: Competition Compliance in Digital Markets
Jul 20, 2026 by
Marcos Drummond Malvar, Gabriela Costa Carvalho Forsman & Luciana Mendes