Reply to Winter’s Vertical Restraints and Antitrust Policy: A Reaction to Cooper, Froeb, O’Brien, and Vita
James Cooper, Luke Froeb, Daniel O’Brien, Michael Vita, Apr 01, 2006
In the Autumn 2005 issue of Competition Policy International, the authors published an article on the antitrust policy implications of the theoretical and empirical literature on vertical restraints. In an accompanying comment, Professor Ralph Winter claims that the authors are advocating an enforcement standard that in any particular case would ignore case-specific evidence of the restraint’s effects. Professor Winter also claims that the authors commit an analytical error in their discussion of how distortions in promotional incentives may motivate the use of resale price maintenance (RPM). Neither criticism is accurate. the authors agree with Professor Winter that individual cases should be judged on their own merits. The authors do argue, however, that the plaintiff’s burden in vertical restraints case should be high, and the authros place significant weight on both historical and case-specific empirical evidence. Professor Winter’s claim that the authors commit an analytical error in their discussion of promotional incentives also is incorrect.
Featured News
States Seek 2027 Trial in Paramount-Warner Bros. Antitrust Case
Aug 2, 2026 by
CPI
New York Lawsuit Tests Prediction Market Regulation
Aug 2, 2026 by
CPI
SEC, Big Ten Back Senate College Sports Bill With Antitrust Protections
Aug 2, 2026 by
CPI
FTC Clears IonQ Acquisition of SkyWater Without Conditions
Aug 2, 2026 by
CPI
UK Watchdog Investigates Microsoft Over AI-Linked Subscription Pricing
Aug 2, 2026 by
CPI
Antitrust Mix by CPI
Antitrust Chronicle® – Antitrust Compliance
Jul 20, 2026 by
CPI
Your Antitrust Compliance Program: A Strong Voice in Your Defense
Jul 20, 2026 by
Joe Murphy
Antitrust Compliance for the AI Pricing Era
Jul 20, 2026 by
Alejandra Uria & Andre Geverola
Race to Report: Antitrust Leniency in the Whistleblower Era
Jul 20, 2026 by
Brian R. Faerstein & Nicole H. Sprinzen
Antitrust-By-Design: Competition Compliance in Digital Markets
Jul 20, 2026 by
Marcos Drummond Malvar, Gabriela Costa Carvalho Forsman & Luciana Mendes