Coopetition — collaboration between competitors — is a powerful driver of innovation in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical companies successfully share resources, R&D and skills to develop new drugs and explore…

More than forty years later, the five-forces model (Porter, 1980) remains one of the most influential frameworks for formulating strategy. Yet there is a hole in the model, namely, the…

A growing number of environmental, social and governance (or, in short, “ESG”) regulatory requirements, encourage or, on a practical level, require collaboration between competitors or suppliers. However, sharing information between…

Dear Readers, Co-opetition, as originally articulated by Brandenburger & Nalebuff, is a strategic approach where firms simultaneously compete and collaborate, creating a dynamic interplay that can drive innovation and enhance…

Dear Readers, The notion of a competitive “moat” (perhaps most famously popularized by investor Warren Buffett), can be understood as a protective barrier that gives a company a durable competitive…

This article explores the economic dynamics and competition issues within the fast-advancing Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) industry. Generative AI, encompassing hardware, models, and applications, has seen rapid growth across sectors,…

Hold-up in the standard essential patent (“SEP”) context can lead to entrenchment, disadvantaging new entrants and smaller firms by raising SEP licensing costs. Former and current enforcement officials have acknowledged the…

This article explores the interplay between investment, economic moats, and regulatory intervention within the context of Europe’s low growth. We begin by defining economic moats and examining their role in…

Recent enforcement and the establishment of ex ante regulation of digital platforms is predicated on them having durable and entrenched market power. In the short time since regulatory regimes have…

Overlapping ownership links may create the incentive for managers to internalize the preferences that their shareholders have in other firms. If they do (and firms in the industry impose a…

Dear Readers, Merger remedies are a crucial part of antitrust enforcement. When designed and implemented effectively, they should fully restore competition lost through an otherwise anticompetitive merger. However, some are…

Remedies are a critical part of merger enforcement and policy. Despite this, current policy on merger remedies lacks coherence and certain features work against the broader goal of vigorous merger…